History of Cashew Nuts
Origin and Discovery
- 1500s: Cashew trees were first discovered in northeastern Brazil.
- Etymology: The word "cashew" comes from the Tupi-Indian word "Acaju," meaning "nut."
- Unique Growth: Unlike other nuts, cashews grow out of the base of cashew apples like little tails.
Early Cultivation and Spread
- 1500s: Portuguese sailors discovered cashew trees in Brazil and brought them to India around 1560.
- Spread: Cashews then spread to Southeast Asia and Africa in the second half of the 16th century.
- Processing: The native Tupi-Indian tribe taught the Portuguese how to roast cashews to remove the irritating shell.
Modern History
- 1905: Cashews reached the United States but did not gain popularity until the 1920s.
- 1941: India was shipping around 20,000 tons of cashews annually to the U.S.
- Today: Cashews are mainly grown in West Africa, India, Tanzania, and Vietnam.
Cultivation and Processing
- Optimal Conditions: Cashew trees thrive in warm, humid climates and sandy soil.
- Toxic Shell: The cashew seed has a double shell containing a toxic, allergenic substance that must be removed before eating.
- Processing: After harvesting, the nuts are dried, roasted, shelled, and processed to remove the irritants and skin.
Summary
The humble cashew has an interesting history, originating in Brazil, spreading across the tropics through Portuguese sailors, and eventually gaining global popularity as a delicious and nutritious snack.
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